Many Americans spend a sizable amount of their income to keep a roof over their heads, food on the table and a means of transportation. Other items commonly found in household budgets include education, child care, health care, retirement savings and entertainment.
Inflation has cooled significantly from its 40-year-high in 2022, yet prices remain elevated on various goods and services, leaving consumers with less money in their budgets for such financial matters as savings and debt repayment.
During this era of persistent inflation, more Americans associate financial success with living comfortably than with being a millionaire or having a high-paying job. More than half (56 percent) say that to be financially successful, one needs to live comfortably — defined as being able to afford day-to-day expenses and still having enough money left over to put into savings — Bankrate’s Financial Success Survey found.
You can take stock of how your own budget compares by looking at the average American household budget.
Key household budget statistics
The average household earned $94,003 in 2022 before taxes and spent $72,967, according to a survey by the most recent Consumer Expenditure Survey. The report, published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), lists the average amount spent in various categories. Significant expenditures were housing, transportation and food.
| Average 2022 household earning and expenditure statistics | |
|---|---|
| Household earnings | $94,003 |
| Total household expenditures | $72,967 |
| Housing expenditures | $24,298 |
| Transportation expenditures | $12,295 |
| Food expenditures | $9,343 |
| Increase in household expenditures from 2021 | 9.0% |
| Percent of people’s income devoted to living expenses | 77.6% |
| Area of largest expenditure increase | Food (12.7%) |
Impact of inflation on expenses
In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, inflation reached 40-year highs as demand increased thanks to stimulus checks, low interest rates and government spending, while the economy slowed due to shutdowns. Labor costs increased due to a shortage of workers, and consumer demand was high, causing businesses to increase prices.
Although inflation has cooled significantly, prices remain high on many items, which impacts people’s ability to save. Only 16 percent of U.S. adults say they have enough emergency savings to cover between three and five months’ worth of living expenses, while 27 percent report having no emergency savings at all, Bankrate’s 2024 Emergency Savings Reportfound.
What’s more, the same survey found nearly two-thirds of Americans (63 percent) said that inflation is causing them to save less for unexpected expenses.
Average American household expenses
According to the BLS survey, the largest expenditures were housing and transportation, which comprised 26 percent and 13 percent of people’s pay, respectively. Another big spending category was food, to which 10 percent was devoted.
More than eight in 10 Americans surveyed by Debt.com in 2023 reported they budgeted their money, a number that’s been trending upward since 2018. The vast majority of budgeters in the survey said the practice got them out of debt or kept them from going into debt.
One way some people afford living expenses without going into debt can be having a side hustle. In fact, 33 percent of Americans who have a side hustle to earn extra money use that income to pay for regular living expenses, according to Bankrate’s 2023 Side Hustle Survey.
Cost of living expenses
Income taxes
The average pre-tax income per household in 2022 was $94,003, according to the most recent BLS survey data. Every year since 2018 — with the exception of 2023 — married households filing jointly with that income have been in a lower tax bracket than single filers, head-of-household filers and married couples filing separately with that income.
Retirement contributions
The average amount people had saved for retirement in 2024 is $88,400, which is down from $89,300 the previous year, according to Northwestern Mutual’s Planning & Progress Study.
Data from the same study breaks down average retirement savings by generation in 2024:
| Generation | Average amount saved for retirement |
|---|---|
| Generation Z (ages 18-26) | $22,800 |
| Millennials (ages 27-42) | $62,600 |
| Generation X (ages 43-58) | $108,600 |
| Baby boomers (ages 59-77) | $120,300 |
Roughly one in five Americans (21 percent) regret not saving for retirement early enough, Bankrate’s 2023 Financial Regrets Survey found. In fact, less than half of Americans (46 percent) have stock investments in a retirement account or other investment account such a mutual fund, brokerage account or health savings plan (HSA), Bankrate’s 2023 Investing Survey found.
Household expenditures
Average cost of utilities
On average, people spend around $329 a month on electricity, natural gas, water, trash and sewer services. This comes out to $3,948 in a year.
The cost for some utilities can fluctuate depending on the season. For instance, people’s natural gas costs are often higher during the months they turn on the heat, whereas their electricity bill is higher when they use the air conditioner. Utility bills often vary by state and by climate.
Ways to save on utility bills include fixing leaky faucets and making sure unused lights are turned off. During the colder months, you can save by turning the heat down when no one is home or by lowering the heat a couple of degrees and wearing extra layers.
Average cost of food
A significant portion of most household budgets is devoted to food. Food was the third largest spending category for Americans in 2022, according to the BLS survey — and it’s been getting more expensive due to inflation. Over the past year, the price of food eaten at home has risen sharply, by 8.4 percent.
Changes in food prices over a 12-month period ending in May 2024, according to the BLS, are as follows:
| Food | Seasonally adjusted percentage change ending in August 2023 |
|---|---|
| Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs | +2.4% |
| Cereals and bakery products | +0.7% |
| Dairy and related products | -1.0% |
| Fruits and vegetables | +0.6% |
| Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials | +1.3% |
Nearly half (47 percent) of Americans say money has a negative impact on their mental health, at least occasionally, causing anxiety, stress, worrisome thoughts, loss of sleep, depression or other effects, Bankrate’s 2024 Money and Mental Health Survey found. Nearly 2 in 3 people (59 percent) whose mental health is affected by money cite paying for everyday expenses, such as groceries and utilities, the survey found.
Ways to combat rising prices and save money on groceries include making a weekly meal plan and corresponding grocery list, swapping expensive cuts of meat for cheaper options, buying generic products and never going to the store on an empty stomach.
Average cost of housing
Housing expenses increased 7.4 percent overall in 2022 over the previous year, according to the BLS survey, with the average household spending $24,298 that year on housing. One of the housing costs for homeowners is property taxes.
Total property taxes levied on single-family homes were $363 billion in 2023, which was up from $340 billion and $328 billion in 2022 and 2021, respectively, according to real estate data firm ATTOM.
Of Americans who don’t own a home but have a desire to, 78 percent said it’s due to affordability issues, such as insufficient income, home prices being too high and not being able to afford a down payment and closing costs, according to Bankrate’s 2024 Home Affordability Report.
Another housing cost that has been on the rise is rent. The average monthly rent bill rose to $2,036 in May 2024, up from $1,969 one year earlier, according to Zillow’s Observed Rent Index, which lists the following as the most affordable regions to rent:
- Rolla, Missouri
- Indiana, Pennsylvania
- Farmington, Missouri
The data lists the most expensive places to rent as:
- Kahului, Hawaii
- Edwards, Colorado
- Jackson, Wyoming
One way to help brace yourself for possible future rent increases is asking your landlord whether you should expect an increase when your lease is up for renewal. If the answer is yes, knowing this in advance may give you sufficient time to find a new place if you can’t or don’t want to pay the more expensive rent bill.
Additional expenses that affect budgeting
Cost of education
In 2023, families with children in elementary through high school were expected to spend an average of $890 on back-to-school items, according to the National Retail Federation. It also found that total back-to-school spending was expected to reach $41.5 billion for the school year. Both of these figures reflected record highs since the NRF began collecting back-to-school spending data in 2003.
Cost of college
According to College Board data, the average price of college tuition was as follows for the 2023-24 school year:
- Public, in-state, four-year university: $11,260 (an increase of 2.5 percent over 2022-23)
- Public, out-of-state, four-year university: $29,150 (an increase of 3 percent over 2022-23)
- Public, in-district, two-year college: $3,990 (an increase of 2.6 percent over 2022-23)
- Private, four-year, nonprofit university: $41,540, (an increase of 4% over 2022-23).
In addition to tuition costs, another significant expense for college students is the cost of living. Students living on campus pay an average of $12,302 for room and board at public, four-year institutions, while those living off campus pay an average of $11,983, according to EducationData.org.
The average balance in a 529 college savings account was $27,741 in June 2023, according to the College Savings Plans Network. It also reported there were a total of 16.25 million such accounts with total assets of $450.5 billion.
Transportation costs
Many Americans own a car, and the costs associated with buying and maintaining a vehicle take up a significant chunk of the average household budget. In October 2023, the average price of a new car was 48,334, while the average price of a used car was 26,533, Bankrate reported.
In addition to the significant cost of buying a car, ongoing expenses of owning a vehicle include insurance, maintenance and gasoline. The current national average price for gas is $3.51 a gallon, according to AAA Gas Prices, which lists the highest-ever recorded average price as $5.02 in June 2022.
More than 4 in 10 vehicles financed in the fourth quarter of 2023 were new vehicles, Bankrate reported. In the first quarter of 2024, the average monthly payments for new and used vehicle loans were $735 and $523, respectively, according to Experian.
How to budget
Creating a household budget may seem like a daunting task, but it can help alleviate unnecessary costs throughout the year and keep you on track with saving money, whether you want to add to your savings account, lock in a rate with a CD or aim for a higher yield with a money market account. Starting a budget can be as easy as taking some simple steps:
- Determine a budgeting method. The 50/30/20 budgeting rule means separating your income into three portions: Needs, wants and savings. A zero-based budget allocates every dollar of your income to categories, including savings.
- Start a worksheet. Whether created on your computer or written on paper, a worksheet is a useful tool for entering line items for money earned and spent.
- Add up your income sources. Your sole source of income may be your regular paycheck, or you might have additional earnings from sources like a side hustle or rental property. Add up all the money you’re bringing in after taxes.
- Track your spending. Create line items for each category of your spending, including housing, transportation, food, health care, entertainment, savings and debt repayment. Include fixed expenses that remain the same each month and those that fluctuate.
- Adjust as needed. If your income or needs change, be sure to modify your budget to reflect that. Updating your spreadsheet regularly will help you stay on track and meet your financial goals. Consider setting up reminders on your mobile device to do quarterly reviews of any changes to your income or costs of living.
Frequently Asked Questions
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Your budget should include all of your spending categories for the month. Include fixed expenses such as housing and insurance, as well as what you expect to pay for variable expenses such as food and gas. Also, be sure to include discretionary spending, such as entertainment. In addition to your spending, also list your income from your primary job, as well as any earnings from a side hustle or other sources.
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To create a budget, list out your monthly income and expenses. This can be done using a spreadsheet, a budgeting app or the old-fashioned pen-and-paper method. Figure out what’s left of your income after expenses are covered, which can be put into savings.
Methods of budgeting include the 50/30/20 budget or the envelope budget method.
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Every household has unique financial circumstances and needs, but your goal should be to live within your means, which involves spending less than you earn each month. This allows you to add money to savings for an emergency fund or other financial goals. Following a budget is a way to help keep your spending and saving on track.
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Average household earnings in 2022 were $94,003, while average total expenditures for the year were $72,967, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Expenditure Survey. This included an average of $24,298 on housing, $12,295 on transportation and $9,343 on food. More than three-quarters of people’s income (77.6 percent) was devoted to living expenses.
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